Academic integrity and artificial intelligence in higher education (HE) contexts: A rapid scoping review

September 4, 2024

In this post, I’d like to give a shoutout to Beatriz Moya, who led a rapid review on academic integrity and artificial intelligence.

A screenshot of a title page of an academic article. There is purple and black text on a white background.
Title page of “Academic Integrity and artificial intelligence in higher education (HE) contexts: A rapid scoping review”.

Here is the reference:

Moya, B. A., Eaton, S. E., Pethrick, H., Hayden, A. K., Brennan, R., Wiens, J., & McDermott, B. (2024). Academic integrity and artificial intelligence in higher education (HE) contexts: A rapid scoping review. Canadian Perspectives on Academic Integrity, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/cpai.v7i3

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) developments challenge higher education institutions’ teaching, learning, assessment, and research practices. To contribute evidence-based recommendations for upholding academic integrity, we conducted a rapid scoping review focusing on what is known about academic integrity and AI in higher education before the emergence of ChatGPT. We followed the Updated Reviewer Manual for Scoping Reviews from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting standards. Five databases were searched, and the eligibility criteria included higher education stakeholders of any age and gender engaged with AI in the context of academic integrity from 2007 through November 2022 and available in English. The search retrieved 2,223 records, of which 14 publications with mixed methods, qualitative, quantitative, randomized controlled trials, and text and opinion studies met the inclusion criteria. The results showed bounded and unbounded ethical implications of AI. Perspectives included: AI for cheating; AI as legitimate support; an equity, diversity, and inclusion lens into AI; and emerging recommendations to tackle AI implications in higher education. The evidence from the sources provides guidance that can inform educational stakeholders in decision-making processes for AI integration, in the analysis of misconduct cases involving AI, and in the exploration of AI as legitimate assistance. Likewise, this rapid scoping review signals possibilities for future research, which we explore in our discussion.

Keywords

academic integrity, artificial intelligence, academic misconduct, higher education, rapid scoping review, large language models (LLM)

This is a fully open access article. You can download a copy of the full article here: https://doi.org/10.55016/ojs/cpai.v7i3

Related posts:

Exploring the Contemporary Intersections of Artificial Intelligence and Academic Integrity https://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2022/05/17/exploring-the-contemporary-intersections-of-artificial-intelligence-and-academic-integrity/

New project: Artificial Intelligence and Academic Integrity: The Ethics of Teaching and Learning with Algorithmic Writing Technologieshttps://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2022/04/19/new-project-artificial-intelligence-and-academic-integrity-the-ethics-of-teaching-and-learning-with-algorithmic-writing-technologies/

The Use of AI-Detection Tools in the Assessment of Student Workhttps://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2023/05/06/the-use-of-ai-detection-tools-in-the-assessment-of-student-work/

____________________________

Share this post: Academic integrity and artificial intelligence in higher education (HE) contexts: A rapid scoping review – https://drsaraheaton.com/2024/09/04/academic-integrity-and-artificial-intelligence-in-higher-education-he-contexts-a-rapid-scoping-review/

This blog has had over 3.6 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of my employer.

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal for Educational Integrity


Promotion to Professor: Reflecting on a Three-Decade Journey

June 25, 2024

It has been a while since I have blogged. Life has been non-stop this year, but I wanted to take a moment to share some good news. I have been promoted to the rank of Professor, effective July 1, 2024. A few months back, I was also named as the Werklund Research Professor, which is a prestigious research chair in the Werklund School of Education.

AltText: An announcement postcard. On the left is a photo of a woman with curly hair wearing glasses, a blue shirt, a black jacket and a pearl necklace. The are is an abstract background and the photo is framed in red and orange. On the right is the University of Calgary logo and black text that reads: Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, Professor, Werklund Research Professor. Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, has been promoted to the rank of Professor effective July 1, 2024.

In addition, Professor Eaton has been named as the Werklund Research Professor, at the Werklund School of Education.

I have long had a passion for integrity and ethics. I am grateful to have an opportunity to focus on ethics in my scholarship, advocacy, and leadership. The Werklund Research Professorship is a prestigious research chair, internally funded through the philanthropic generosity of Dr. David Werklund, the named patron of the Werklund School of Education. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time anywhere in the world that a research chair role has focused on academic and research integrity. I am honoured to take up this work to advance scholarship related to ethics and integrity in higher education.

I was a first-generation student. Neither of my parents finished high school. When I was a child, my mother drilled into me that there was nothing more important than getting an education, working hard, and being independent. I have written about this, and part of my early life here. I started working when I was 15 and my first job was in a grocery store. When I first applied to university after graduating from secondary school, I had no idea how to go about filling out the application. Like many first-in-family students, I did not even know what questions to ask. I received modest scholarships throughout my studies, but I also worked, often at multiple part-time jobs, to pay the bills (including tuition), buy books, and put food on the table. I wasn’t something that I felt was a hardship, it was just something I did.

The promotion to full professor comes after 30 years of teaching at the University of Calgary. From 1994 to 2016, I taught on contract as a sessional instructor. After 22 years of precarious employment, I secured a tenure-track role in 2016. In 2020, I was promoted to associate professor with tenure. When considered in the context of the entirety of career, advancements are neither quick, nor easy. For more than two decades, I worked on semester-to-semester contracts, never knowing for sure if I would be employed in the following term until the contract actually came through. I established and successfully ran a consulting company that I maintained for twenty years, serving clients in industry, non-profit, and government. I enjoyed that work (mostly), but there were many aspects of running a business that I was horrible at.

There are plenty of things I am not good at, but I have always excelled at writing, reading, and synthesizing large amounts of information. I love working with students and I am well suited to online teaching and graduate supervision. I have not always had the luxury of being able to do work that I am good at and I recognize that it is a privilege to have a job where I can use my talents. For me, being a professor more than a job, though. It has been a lifelong dream. The reality of higher education is much harsher, more exhausting, and outright merciless than I ever imagined, and yet, I still want to be here.

One reason for this, is that there is much work to be done to preserve and sustain ethics and integrity in science, scholarly publication, teaching, learning, and educational administration. Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) has brought new twists on perennial challenges. Systemic barriers to academic success persist and there is plenty of research to show that corrupt and unfair systems can contribute to academic and research misconduct. Although I am interested in helping individuals uphold academic integrity, it is a fool’s errand to ignore the systemic inequities, barriers, and discrimination that are embedded into educational systems that perpetuate harm.

As I reflect back and plan forward, my goal now is to focus on doing what I can to leave the higher education system better than I found it. I plan to do this by raising awareness about systemic ethical issues and advocating for change to benefit students and staff, particularly those from equity-deserving groups. I look forward to continuing and expanding international collaborations (especially with colleagues at CRADLE Deakin University, where I hold the role of Honorary Associate Professor) and mentoring and supervising doctoral students, along with teaching and serving in leadership roles in the coming years.

____________________________

Share this post: Promotion to Professor: Reflecting on a Three-Decade Journey https://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2024/06/25/promotion-to-professor-reflecting-on-a-three-decade-journey/

This blog has had over 3.6 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of my employer.

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, Editor-in-Chief, International Journal for Educational Integrity


How to Connect with Me on Social Media

December 19, 2022

With the social media landscape changing quickly, I wanted to share some ways to stay connected with me on a variety of platforms:

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drsaraheaton/

Mastodon: https://scholar.social/@drsaraheaton

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sarahelaineeaton/

Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sarah-Eaton-7

Twitter: https://twitter.com/DrSarahEaton

Other places you can find me:

My University of Calgary faculty profile: https://profiles.ucalgary.ca/sarah-elaine-eaton

_________________________________

Share or Tweet this: How to Connect with Me on Social Media – https://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2022/12/19/how-to-connect-with-me-on-social-media/

This blog has had over 3 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks! Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, and the Educational Leader in Residence, Academic Integrity, University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of the University of Calgary.


21st century definition of plagiarism

January 23, 2018

Not long after I started getting interested in academic integrity, I began wondering how different universities defined plagiarism in their official policy documents. That led me to do an analysis of policy documents from 20 Canadian higher education institutions, and the results were published in the peer-reviewed scholarly journal, Interchange. Basically, what I found was that there was no consistent definition of plagiarism across Canadian post-secondary institutions. In other words, we don’t agree about what actually constitutes plagiarism.

This makes it confusing for students and for professors, especially considering that students might attend one school to do their undergraduate degree and another for their graduate degree, or that professors sometimes change jobs, leaving one institution for another.

It used to be that the definition of plagiarism was simple: literary theft, but it is a lot more complicated than that in the 21st century, where digital outputs account for as much, if not more than, printed products. Students and professors have asked me, “So, how do you define plagiarism in plain and simple terms?” The answer is actually quite complex and a bit messy. But in the interest of demystifying the issue, here is a straight forward infographic that may help.

Let me say that this resource is simplified — perhaps overly so. My goal here isn’t to be reductionist and I fully acknowledge that not everyone may agree with these simplified explanations. But sometimes it can be easier to wrap your head around something simple to start and then tease out the complexities once you are more comfortable with the basic concepts.  I offer these not as the be-all-and-end-all definition, but rather as a starting point to help educators and students clarify and demystify basic concepts and also to engage in productive conversations about how to cultivate academic integrity and reduce plagiarism.

Definition of plagiarism (jpg)

Here is a free, downloadable .pdf of this infographic that you are welcome to use with your students for teaching purposes. Feel free to use it as a conversation starter to help students understand what plagiarism is and how to prevent it in their own work.

Related post:

Comparative Analysis of Institutional Policy Definitions of Plagiarism: A Pan-Canadian University Study https://wp.me/pNAh3-1LD

______________________________________________________

Share or Tweet this: 21st century definition of plagiarism https://wp.me/pNAh3-2eo

This blog has had over 1.8 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Canada.


Designing Synchronous Online Interactions and Discussions

May 17, 2016

IDEAS 2016: Designing for InnovationA few weeks ago I co-presented a session at the University of Calgary’s IDEAS 2016 conference. This year the theme was “Designing for Innovation”. My colleagues, Barb Brown and Meadow Schroeder and I presented on how to effectively design synchronous sessions for e-learning.

The three of us are all award-winning educators, and each has her own approach to how we design and deliver real-time sessions via Adobe Connect in our classes. We offered ideas and tips on what we do and how we do it. Our paper has been included in the conference proceedings, which have just been released. Here’s a link to our paper:

Brown, B., Schroeder, M., & Eaton, S.E. (2016, May). Designing Synchronous Online Interactions and Discussions. In M. Takeuchi, A.P. Preciado Babb, & J. Lock. IDEAS 2016: Designing for Innovation Selected Proceedings. Paper presented at IDEAS 2016: Designing for Innovation, Calgary, Canada (pg 51-60). Calgary, Canada: Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51209

___________________________

Share this post: Designing Synchronous Online Interactions and Discussions http://wp.me/pNAh3-1Ks

This blog has had over 1.8 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Canada.