In Memory of J. Tim Goddard: More Than a Supervisor

January 23, 2025
A photo of J. Tim Goddard sitting on the steps of his artist studio. His black dog is sitting next to him.

The academic world has lost a remarkable educator and mentor with the passing of J. Tim Goddard, former University of Calgary professor and administrator who then went on to serve as  Dean of Education at the University of Prince Edward Island. Tim’s impact on higher education extended far beyond his administrative roles – he was a transformative figure in the lives of countless graduate students, myself included.

As my PhD supervisor from 2005 to 2009, Tim demonstrated an extraordinary ability to balance academic rigour with compassionate mentorship. He took a chance on my research into revenue-generating programs in higher education, recognizing the importance of examining how such initiatives could be administered ethically in an era of government funding cuts.

Tim’s dedication to his students was unwavering, even in the face of profound personal tragedy. In 2006, his daughter Captain Nicola Goddard was the first Canadian female soldier to be killed in combat during her time in Afghanistan. Despite this devastating loss, Tim continued to guide and support his graduate students with remarkable strength and grace.

What set Tim apart was his practical wisdom, delivered through memorable maxims that still guide many of us today. “This isn’t your magnum opus!” and “A good thesis is a finished thesis!” were frequent reminders to stay focused on completion rather than perfection. He had an uncanny ability to guide students back to their research path whenever they strayed too far into tangential explorations.

His mentorship extended beyond the academic realm. When I traveled to Charlottetown to write my thesis, Tim and his wife Sally opened their home to me – a gesture typical of how Tim viewed his students as extended family. Yet this warmth never compromised his high standards; his insistence on impeccable writing, citations, and APA formatting shaped many of us into better scholars.

J. Tim Goddard and Sarah Elaine Eaton in PEI. There is a lighthouse in the left background.

After retiring in 2018, Tim embraced new creative pursuits in painting and novel writing, approaching these endeavours with the same passion he brought to academia. His legacy lives on through the countless educators and researchers he mentored, who continue to apply his teachings in their own work and supervision of the next generation.

Tim Goddard understood that a PhD journey was not just about producing research, but about preparing for a career. He showed us how to be not just scholars, but mentors, teachers, and advocates for our own students. His influence will continue to ripple through generations of educators, researchers, and leaders in higher education.

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Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a Professor and Research Chair in the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of my employer. 


Postplagiarism in THE

January 15, 2025

How lovely to wake up this morning and see an article about postplagiarism in Times Higher Education. Karen Kenny from Exeter University writes about the six tenets and then extends the discussion to assessment.

It seems that the idea of postplagiarism is catching on. Dr. Rahul Kumar and I have launched a postplagiarism online community, where we share blogs, news, articles, and translations of the work into other languages. You can check out all our resources over on our other site.

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Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a Professor and Research Chair in the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of my employer. 


Neuralink’s Clinical Trials in Canada

January 11, 2025

Last month CBC’s Geoff Leo did a great article on called, ‘No consequences’, for violating human rights in privately funded research in Canada. This was a bit of an eye opener, even for me.

He writes that, “Roughly 85 per cent of clinical trials in Canada are privately funded” and that research undergoes very little scrutiny by anyone.

One of the cases Geoff wrote about involved a research study that ran from 2014-2016 involving Indigenous children in Saskatchewan, aged 12-15, who were research subjects in a study that monitored their brainwaves. Student participants were recruited with the help of a Canadian school board.

The study was led by James Hardt, who runs something called the Biocybernaut Institute, a privately run business. According to Leo, James Hardt claims that “brainwave training can make participants smarter, happier and enable them to overcome trauma. He said it can also allow them to levitate, walk on water and visit angels.”

Geoff Leo digs deep into some of the ethical issues and I recommend reading his article.

So, that was last month. This month, I happened to notice that according to Elon Musk’s Neuralink website, Musk’s product has now been approved by Health Canada to recruit research participants. There’s a bright purple banner at the top of the Neuralink home page showing a Canadian flag that says, “We’ve received approval from Health Canada to begin recruitment for our first clinical trial in Canada”.

A screenshot of the Neuralink.com home page. On the bottom right is a blurred photo of a man wearing a ball cap, who appears to be in a wheelchair and using tubes as medical assistance. There is white text on the right-hand side. At the top is a purple banner with white text and a small Canadian flag.

When you click on the link, you get to another page that shows the flags for the US, Canada, and the UK, where clinical trials are either underway or planned, it seems.

A screenshot of a webpage from the Neuralink web site. It has a white background with black text. In the upper left-hand corner there are three small flags, one each for the USA, Canada, and the UK.

The Canadian version is called CAN-PRIME. There’s a YouTube video promo/recruitment video for patients interested in joining, “this revolutionary journey”.

According to the website, “This study involves placing a small, cosmetically invisible implant in a part of the brain that plans movements. The device is designed to interpret a person’s neural activity, so they can operate a computer or smartphone by simply intending to move – no wires or physical movement are required.”

A screenshot from the Neuralink web page. The background is grey with black text.

So, just to connect the dots here… ten years ago in Canada there was a study involving neurotechnology that “exploited the hell out of” Indigenous kids, according to Janice Parente who leads the Human Research Standards Organization

Now we have Elon Musk’s company actively recruiting people from across Canada, the US, and the UK, for research that would involve implanting experimental technology into people’s brains without, it seems, much research ethics oversight at all.

What could possibly go wrong?

Reference

Leo, G. (2024, December 2). ‘No consequences’ for violating human rights in privately funded research in Canada, says ethics expert. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/ethics-research-canada-privately-funded-1.7393063

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Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a Professor and Research Chair in the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of my employer. 


The GenAI Gender Gap

January 10, 2025

There is a gender gap when it comes to GenAI.

Just 26.3% of the European Union’s artificial intelligence (AI) professionals are women, according to a report from LinkedIn.

In my work with of the Women for Ethical AI (W4EAI) UNESCO platform, we had similar findings in our gender outlook study.

An AI-generated image of a group of women.

There are no easy solutions to this gap, but for those working in this area, some five concrete things you can do to promote gender inclusion (and equity in general) are:

  • 
Invite women into leadership roles, strategic planing for artificial intelligence and advanced technology.
  • Ensure that policies explicitly include women, girls, and other equity-deserving groups.
  • Invite women (and in particular, early career women and those who are precariously employed) to share and showcase their expertise and knowledge (and compensate them for their contributions).
  • Create formal sponsorship programs for women and girls who want to develop their knowledge and cp-competencies related to AI, with ongoing opportunities for learning and skill development.
An AI-generated image of a group of women.

There are a myriad of ethical complexities when it comes to artificial intelligence and gender is only one of them. Acknowledging inequalities and then working to support equity, fairness, and justice will remain ongoing work in the years to come.

References

AI in the EU: 2024 Trends and Insights from LinkedIn. (2024). https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/economicgraph/en-us/PDF/AI-in-the-EU-Report.pdf

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2024). UNESCO Women for Ethical AI: Outlook study on artificial intelligence and gender. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000391719

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Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a Professor and Research Chair in the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of my employer. 


IELTS Exam Fraud: Is large-scale cheating really a shock to anyone?

January 7, 2025
A screenshot from an online news story. There is a photo of students taking an exam. There is black text on a white background.

The headline reads, “IELTS exam fraud scandal ‘shocks’ Indonesia“, as reported by Vietnam.vn. The article goes on to offer details about large-scale cheating on English-language proficiency testing, saying that, “Faced with the increasing incidence of fraud, many prestigious universities around the world have adjusted their admission policies, especially regarding IELTS requirements.”

Contract cheating and exam proxies (i.e., impersonators) are at the heart of the scandal, with customers each paying about 47,000,000 Vietnamese Dong (which seems to convert to about $1851 USD or $2650 CAD, according to one online currency exchange website).

The article reports that these cheating incidents have caused schools in Singapore, Australia, and the US to raise the minimum test score for entrance to certain programs. (I am puzzled as to why schools think that raising the minimum score for admissions will prevent cheating on standardized texts used as an entrance requirement? My guess is that it might just drive up the price of fraud…)

Two chapters from our edited book, Fake Degrees and Fraudulent Credentials in Higher Education (Eaton, Carmichael, and Pethrick, 2023) are worth mentioning, as the authors of both chapters raised the alarm about the issue of large-scale global cheating on English language proficiency exams.

Soroush Sabbaghan (University of Calgary) and Ismaeil Fazel (University of British Columbia) in their chapter, ‘None of the above: Integrity concerns of standardized English proficiency tests’, “shed light on the complexities and the apparent disconnect between equity, integrity, fairness, and justice in standardized language proficiency tests and the integrity issues that can arise as a result.”

Angela Clark (York University), in her chapter, “Examining the Problem of Fraudulent English Test Scores: What Can Canadian Higher Education Institutions Learn?”, argues that “relying on a single language proficiency test score to determine an individual’s readiness is problematic, and also problematic is the lack of related academic research and data to help guide admissions decision-making”. She looks at media reports from the UK, US, and Canada, noting that, “Media reports and a lack of data serve to promote distrust of the language testing process and the test scores that institutions receive.”

Cheating on English language proficiency exams is nothing new and nor is it isolated to any one country.

Both of these chapters are thoroughly researched and well written. If you’re interested in the topic of fraud in English language exams, I recommend checking them out. In the meantime, large-scale cheating on standardized tests and the related problem of admissions fraud should shock exactly no one.

References

Clark, A. (2023). Examining the problem of fraudulent English test scores: What can Canadian higher education institutions learn? In S. E. Eaton, J. J. Carmichael, & H. Pethrick (Eds.), Fake Degrees and Fraudulent Credentials in Higher Education (pp. 187-207). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21796-8_9 

IELTS exam fraud scandal “shocks” Indonesia. (2024, December 28). Vietnam.vn. https://www.vietnam.vn/en/be-boi-thi-ho-ielts-rung-dong-indonesia/

Sabbaghan, S., & Fazel, I. (2023). None of the above: Integrity concerns of standardized English proficiency tests. In S. E. Eaton, J. J. Carmichael, & H. Pethrick (Eds.), Fake Degrees and Fraudulent Credentials in Higher Education (pp. 169-185). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21796-8_8 

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This blog has had over 3.7 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please ‘Like’ it using the button below or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a Professor and Research Chair in the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of my employer.