New Book: Academic Integrity in Canada

March 22, 2022

Cover - Academic Integrity in CanadaI’m pleased to share that Academic Integrity in Canada: An Enduring and Essential Challenge (Eaton & Christensen Hughes, eds.) has been published. This edited volume spans almost 600 pages, including 31 chapters contributed by 40+ authors.

Don’t be misled by the title. Although all the contributors are from Canada, we purposely kept a global audience in mind when crafting the chapters. We wanted this book to be relevant and useful for readers well beyond our own borders.

Tis book is Open Access and freely available to download. Here is the link:  https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1

Table of Contents (Overview)

Ch. 01: Academic Integrity in Canada: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends (Sarah Elaine Eaton & Julia Christensen Hughes)

Ch. 02: Academic Integrity Across Time and Place: Higher Education’s Questionable Moral Calling (Julia Christensen Hughes)

Ch. 03: Student Integrity Violations in the Academy: More Than a Decade of Growing Complexity and Concern (Julia Christensen Hughes & Sarah Elaine Eaton)

Ch. 04: Academic Misconduct in Higher Education: Beyond Student Cheating (Julia Christensen Hughes & Sarah Elaine Eaton)

Ch. 05: Re-Defining Academic Integrity: Embracing Indigenous Truths (Yvonne Poitras Pratt & Keeta Gladue)

Ch. 06: Accountability, Relationality and Indigenous Epistemology: Advancing an Indigenous Perspective on Academic Integrity (Gabrielle Lindstrom)

Ch. 07: Understanding Provincial and Territorial Academic Integrity Policies for Elementary and Secondary Education in Canada (Brenda M. Stoesz)

Ch. 08: Contract Cheating in Canada: A Comprehensive Overview (Sarah Elaine Eaton)

Ch. 09: Ethics,  EdTech, and the Rise of Contract Cheating (Brenna Clarke Gray)

Ch. 10: Pay-To-Pass: Evolving Online Systems That Undermine the Integrity of Student Work (Nancy Chibry & Ebba Kurz)

Ch. 11: Education as a Financial Transaction: Contract Employment and Contract Cheating (Katherine (Katie) Crossman)

Ch. 12: Academic Integrity in Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) Settings (Jennifer B. Miron)

Ch. 13: Canadian Open Digital Distance Education Universities and Academic Integrity (Cheryl A. Kier & Jill Hunter)

Ch. 14: Visual Plagiarism: Seeing the Forest and the Trees (John Paul Foxe, Allyson Miller, Glen Farrelly, Vincent Hui, Dianne Nubla, & Colleen Schindler-Lynch)

Ch. 15: Managing Academic Integrity in Canadian Engineering Schools (David deMontigny)

Ch. 16: Teaching the Teachers: To What Extent Do Pre-service Teachers Cheat on Exams and Plagiarise in Their Written Work? (Martine Peters, Sylvie Fontaine, & Eric Frenette)

Ch. 17: The Distinctive Nature of Academic Integrity in Graduate Legal Education (Jonnette Watson Hamilton)

Ch. 18: Student Insight on Academic Integrity (Kelley A. Packalen & Kate Rowbotham)

Ch. 19: Helping Students Resolve the Ambiguous Expectations of Academic Integrity (Susan L. Bens)

Ch. 20: How to Talk About Academic Integrity so Students Will Listen: Addressing Ethical Decision-Making Using Scenarios (Lee-Ann Penaluna & Roxanne Ross)

Ch. 21: Revisioning Paraphrasing Instruction (Silvia Rossi)

Ch. 22: Supporting Academic Integrity in the Writing Centre: Perspectives of Student Consultants (Kim Garwood)

Ch. 23: Beyond the Traditional: Academic Integrity in Canadian Librarianship (Leeanne Morrow)

Ch. 24: The Barriers to Faculty Reporting Incidences of Academic Misconduct at Community Colleges (Melanie Hamilton & Karla Wolsky)

Ch. 25: Changing “Hearts” and Minds: Pedagogical and Institutional Practices to Foster Academic Integrity (Laurie McNeill)

Ch. 26: Promotion of Academic Integrity Through a Marketing Lens for Canadian Post-secondary Institutions (Nazanin Teymouri, Sheryl Boisvert, & Katrina John-West)

Ch. 27: Using Quality Assurance Frameworks to Support an Institutional Culture of Academic Integrity at Canadian Universities (Emma J. Thacker & Amanda McKenzie)

Ch. 28: Student Academic Misconduct Through a Canadian Legal Lens (Melissa Morrison & Philip Zachariah)

Ch. 29: Building a Culture of Restorative Practice and Restorative Responses to Academic Misconduct (Paul Sopcak & Kevin Hood)

Ch. 30: Academic Integrity Through a #SoTL Lens and 4M Framework: An Institutional Self-Study (Natasha Kenny & Sarah Elaine Eaton

Ch. 31: Conclusions and Future Directions for Academic Integrity in Canada (Sarah Elaine Eaton & Julia Christensen Hughes)

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This blog has had over 3 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, and the Educational Leader in Residence, Academic Integrity, University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of the University of Calgary.


Contract Cheating in Canada: Exploring Legislative Options

November 1, 2021

Contract cheating report coverLast week Alicia Adlington and I presented our work on possible legislative options to address contract cheating in Canada. We did our presentation via webinar with 70+ registrants and launched our report, which is publicly available online:

Adlington, A., & Eaton, S. E. (2021). Contract Cheating in Canada: Exploring Legislative Options. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/114088

Webinar description

An introductory discussion about the commercial contract cheating industry (e.g., term paper mills, homework completion services, and paid imposters who take exams on behalf of students). One question people often ask is, “Why aren’t these services illegal?” The short answer is: Academic cheating services are not currently illegal in Canada, but they are in other countries. In this session we’ll provide an overview of which countries have successfully enacted legislation against predatory industry that profits from academic misconduct. We will provide an overview of the legal structures in Canada that might facilitate or present barriers to such legislation being enacted in this country. We do not promise answers or solutions to the complex issue of contract cheating, but instead provide an evidence-base for deeper discussion.

The intended audience for this session is primarily for those in Canada interested in contract cheating from the Canadian legal context. Participants from other regions are also welcome.

By the end of this session engaged participants will be able to: 

  • Describe what contract cheating is
  • Understand how legislation against contract cheating has been enacted in other countries
  • Discover legal aspects of contract cheating in Canada and beyond

We are grateful to the Taylor Institute for Teaching and Learning at the University of Calgary for hosting the webinar and supporting this work.

You can check out the slides from our webinar here:

I’ll update this blog post with the link to the recording when it is available.

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This blog has had over 2 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, and the Educational Leader in Residence, Academic Integrity, University of Calgary, Canada. Opinions are my own and do not represent those of the University of Calgary.


BC Academic Integrity Day (BC AID) 2021: Recap

October 16, 2021

BC Acdemic Integrity Day 1 2021-10-15 at 10.25.42 AMThis virtual event was hosted by Douglas College, with presenters from across British Columbia on Friday, October 15, 2021. At one point, I counted 123 participants in the virtual meeting room.

Welcome to the BC Academic Integrity Day

BC Acdemic Integrity Day 2 2021-10-15 at 10.25.59 AMJanette Tilley, Associate Dean, Faculty of Language, Literature and Performing Arts, Douglas College, opened the event with a land acknowledgement.

Thor Borgford, Vice President Academic and Provost, Douglas College, offered welcoming remarks. He commented that although academic integrity has been important for a long time, things have changed over the past five years, and particularly during COVID-19. He noted that looking for solutions through enforcement is not the way to go, but instead it is important to promote academic integrity so students have skills they can take with them after graduation.

Tod Denham, Exams Department Supervisor, TRU and founding member of the BC Academic Integrity Network, spoke about the history of the BC Academic Integrity Network (BC-AIN). Talked about attending a number of academic integrity events, including the first Canadian Symposium on Academic Integrity at the University of Calgary. From there they organized the first BC-AID at TRU in 2019, where BC-AIN was born. He offers appreciation to Douglas College for hosting this second BC-AID.

Janette Tilley introduced the other members of the organizing committee for the conference:

  • Tod Denham (TRU)
  • Jaclyn Stewart (UBC)
  • Ainsley Rouse (UBC)
  • Arlette Stewart (SFU)
  • Marian Anderberg (TRU)
  • Laura Prada (UBCO)
  • Sean Zwagerman (SFU)

Keynote: “Deepening the Relational Ecology of Academic Integrity”BC Acdemic Integrity Day 3 2021-10-15 at 10.59.12 AM

Brenda Morrison, Associate Professor. School of Criminology and Director, Centre for Restorative Justice, SFU gave a heartfelt and sincere keynote address about the principles of restorative practices, highlighting the difference between traditional policy and restorative approaches to addressing cases of misconduct. Dr. Morrison generously shared this link to her slides.

Panel: “Inclusion and Accessibility in Academic Integrity”

BC Acdemic Integrity Day 4 2021-10-15 at 12.10.08 PM

Anita Chaudhuri (UBCO) moderated an excellent panel on accessibility and inclusion in academic integrity with these panelists:

  • Mitchell Stoddard, Director, Centre for Accessible Learning, SFU
  • Holly Salmon, Coordinator and Instructor, Learning Centre, Douglas College
  • Laurie McNeill, Professor of Teaching, Dept, of English Language and Literatures, UBC
  • Lisvet Parra Montas, former Writing and AIM Consultant and student, UBC

Some key points shared during the panel for me were:

  • There continue to be many barriers for students including barriers to learning, as well as barriers to navigating higher education systems.
  • Discrimination, along with equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) are topics we must continue to address.
  • Universal design for learning (UDL) helps all students learn with integrity.
  • It is essential for us to listen to students and pay attention to their experiences.

After the panel, there was a lunch break.

Forum: Resource Sharing

After lunch Jackie Stewart (UBC) facilitated a session for participants to share resources related to academic integrity.

Laura Prada (UBCO) shared an academic integrity awareness campaign including resources for faculty members, a Zoom background and some tote bags they are giving away as prizes.

Maggie Ross (Langara College) shared a toolkit for faculty, Encouraging Academic Integrity Through a Preventative Framework, that was showcased on the ICAI blog. Maggie also shared a meme contest they have organized for and a badge they’ll wear to pledge integrity during Academic Integrity Week.

Arlette Stewart (SFU) shared a number of resources, including:

  • SFU’s assignment calculator for students
  • Information about an upcoming webinar on restorative practices in the classroom, Dr. Sheri Fabian, Director of the Institute for the Study of Teaching and Learning in the Disciplines “Beyond the Classroom: How an incident of academic dishonesty kept someone out of prison” on Wednesday, October 20, 2021 from 10:30-11:30 a.m. PST. Here is the link to register.
  • And a couple of suggested syllabi statements from SFU, such as this one and this one.

Colleen Pawlychka from Douglas College shared her academic integrity resource and talked about how she teaches her students about academic integrity in her classes.

I shared that the University of Calgary is hosting a public webinar on October 29, “Contract Cheating in Canada: Exploring Legislative Options and also the forthcoming edited book Academic Integrity in Canada.

Laurie McNeill (UBC) shared Academic Integrity Faculty Resources

Jaclyn Stewart shared – Some suggested syllabus statements from UBC: https://teachingsupport.forestry.ubc.ca/files/2020/09/Approaches-to-Academic-Integrity-in-the-Syllabus_04-Sept-2020.pdf

Jennifer Kendall shared – HOWL (Habits of White Language) by Asao Inoue, saying it “could be a useful starting point for reflecting on our assessment practices and approaching academic integrity in a more inclusive way.”

Sandra Zappa-Hollman shared a link to this podcast with valuable episodes about citing, referencing, and paraphrasing.

Panel: “Responses to Contract Cheating”

BC Academic Integrity Day 5 2021-10-15 at 2.32.46 PM

Tod Denham (TRU) moderated a panel of experts from across higher education in British Columbia:

  • Jeff Longland, Project Lead and Solutions Architect, Learning Analytics Project, UBC
  • Sean Zwagerman, Associate Dean, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, SFU
  • Will Gunton, Chair, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Douglas College
  • Marian Anderberg. Director, Student Affairs, TRU

Key takeaways from this panel for me were:

  • There are ways to detect contract cheating, but this work requires resources (dedicated staff and time to do the work).
  • Commercial file-sharing and contract cheating companies are particularly problematic. A shoutout to this article by Thomas Lancaster and Codrin Cortarlan was shared.
  • Need to name contract cheating institutional policy documents.
  • Contract cheating has been increasing during the pandemic and it happens across a variety of courses.
  • Contract cheating is committed by both domestic and international students, but some contract cheating companies are specifically targeting international students, including offering a shadow curriculum in other languages, such as Mandarin, and offering contract cheating as a supplementary service.
  • Companies offering to complete entire online courses on behalf of students seem to be increasing.
  • A model of progressive discipline is common, though there have been more students being suspended for academic misconduct violations including contract cheating during the pandemic.
  • Structural change is needed, including policy revision, and casting an EDI lens on contract cheating. There are myths that need to be busted about who engages in contract cheating and why.
  • Shadow courses and contract cheating companies that have local storefronts are not uncommon in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia.
  • Administrators have been receiving an increasing number of anonymous tips about contact cheating. It is not known if these tips are coming from legitimate students or competing contract cheating suppliers.
  • Sean Zwagerman shared the Petition: Academic Integrity Letter to the Ministry 2021.
  • Catching students will not solve the larger contract cheating problem.

Forum: Future Work in Academic Integrity in BC

Tod Denham (TRU) facilitated a closing conversation about the future of the British Columbia Academic Integrity Network (BC AIN). Janette Tilley closed the event and thanked everyone for attending.

All in all, this was a fabulous virtual event that showcased how post-secondary institutions in British Columbia are promoting academic integrity across their province.

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This blog has had over 2 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, and the Educational Leader in Residence, Academic Integrity, University of Calgary, Canada.

Opinions are my own and do not represent those of the University of Calgary or anyone else.


New Academic Integrity Research from Canada (October, 2021)

October 15, 2021

I think this might be a record for the number of academic integrity research outputs in Canada across different venues, all published in a single week: two articles, each published in a different journal, as well as two conference presentations. It’s one thing to have a series of research outputs from a single source, such as one issue of a journal or a set of conference proceedings, but what’s worth celebrating here is that these are from multiple, peer-reviewed sources.

Hu & Zhang (2021) and Liang et al. (2021) have papers in the proceedings from Teaching Culturally and Linguistically Diverse International Students in Open and/or Online Learning Environments: A Research Symposium hosted by the University of Windsor in June:

Hu, J., & Zhang, C. (2021). ESL student plagiarism prevention challenges and institutional interventions. Paper presented at the Teaching Culturally and Linguistically Diverse International Students in Open and/or Online Learning Environments: A Research Symposium (Online), University of Windsor, ON. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048&context=itos21

Liang, A., Maddison, T., & England, S. (2021). Proactive not punitive: Strategies to prevent plagiarism and promote international student success. Paper presented at the Teaching Culturally and Linguistically Diverse International Students in Open and/or Online Learning Environments: A Research Symposium (Online), University of Windsor, ON. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1053&context=itos21

Josh Seeland and colleagues from Manitoba published this Classroom Note in the International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology (Taylor & Francis):

Seeland, J., Cliplef, L., Munn, C., & Dedrick, C. (2021). Mathematics and academic integrity: institutional support at a Canadian college. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2021.1981472

And last but not least, the latest article from the Contract Cheating in Canada: National Policy Analysis project that I’m leading has been published in the Canadian Journal for Educational Administration and Policy. This paper reports on our policy analysis of Ontario Universities.

Miron, J. B., McKenzie, A., Eaton, S. E., Stoesz, B. M., Thacker, E., Devereaux, L., . . . Rowbotham, K. (2021). Academic integrity policy analysis of publicly-funded universities in Ontario, Canada: A focus on contract cheating. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 197, 62-75. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/cjeap/article/view/72082

In 2018 when I co-published with Rachael Edino a literature review about existing research from Canada on academic integrity, we reported that we’d found 56 sources published over 25 years. I am so proud to see how far we have come as a Canadian community to build our research and practice expertise and mobilize that knowledge via high quality peer-reviewed journals and conferences.

In case you’re wondering if academic integrity is a field of research, it absolutely is, with high quality scholarly outputs coming out every month, from scholars across the world. Of course, I highlight outputs from my compatriots because I am happy for them and proud of their work, and we are part of a global community of scholars, educators, and professionals across the world doing this work. (Hey, colleagues in Australia and the UK, are you reading this? We are catching up to you!)

Check out these recent publications and see what we’ve been doing in Canada. It’s pretty awesome.

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This blog has had over 2 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, and the Educational Leader in Residence, Academic Integrity, University of Calgary, Canada.

Opinions are my own and do not represent those of the University of Calgary or anyone else.


Webinar: Contract Cheating in Canada: Exploring Legislative Options

October 4, 2021

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: URGENT AND EMERGING TOPICSJoin us for an introductory discussion about the commercial contract cheating industry (e.g., term paper mills, homework completion services, and paid imposters who take exams on behalf of students). One question people often ask is, “Why aren’t these services illegal?” The short answer is: Academic cheating services are not currently illegal in Canada, but they are in other countries. In this session we’ll provide an overview of which countries have successfully enacted legislation against predatory industry that profits from academic misconduct. We will provide an overview of the legal structures in Canada that might facilitate or present barriers to such legislation being enacted in this country. We do not promise answers or solutions to the complex issue of contract cheating, but instead provide an evidence-base for deeper discussion.

The intended audience for this session is primarily for those in Canada interested in contract cheating from the Canadian legal context. Participants from other regions are also welcome.

By the end of this session engaged participants will be able to: 

  • Describe what contract cheating is
  • Understand how legislation against contract cheating has been enacted in other countries
  • Discover legal aspects of contract cheating in Canada and beyond

Facilitators: Alicia Adlington &  Sarah Elaine Eaton, University of Calgary
Date: Friday, October 29, 2021
Time: 10:00 – 11:30 a.m. (Note: This is Mountain Time. Please convert to your local time zone)
Location: Online via Zoom

Please note: Registration will close on Wednesday, October 27, 2021, at 11:59 p.m. (MT) and a Zoom link for the webinar will be sent the morning of the workshop.

Register now

For more information, visit the website: https://taylorinstitute.ucalgary.ca/series-and-events/academic-integrity-urgent-emerging-topics

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This blog has had over 2 million views thanks to readers like you. If you enjoyed this post, please “like” it or share it on social media. Thanks!

Sarah Elaine Eaton, PhD, is a faculty member in the Werklund School of Education, and the Educational Leader in Residence, Academic Integrity, University of Calgary, Canada.

Opinions are my own and do not represent those of the University of Calgary or anyone else.